Basic Electrical Safety Rules Every Electrician Must Follow

Keep equipment away from water – Maintain at least 5 feet distance and use GFCIs to prevent shocks and fire hazards. Unplug safely – Always...

Resistor

A simple circuit with a single resistor connected to a voltage source (battery). Charges move through the resistor from the positive terminal of the source...

Fourier series triangle wave circles

What a triangle wave is A triangle wave is a periodic waveform that linearly ramps up then linearly ramps down (or vice versa), forming a...

Square Waveform

What is a square wave A square wave is a periodic waveform that switches between two levels (for example +A and −A, or “on” and...

Sinusoidal wave

A Sinusoidal wave in the context of Electrical or Electronics Engineering is used to represent a time-varying voltage or current whose average value in...

AC Voltage

Alternating Voltage (AC Voltage): Voltage that changes direction periodically, usually in a sinusoidal pattern. A sine wave represents AC voltage and current. Voltage and current rise...

AC Inductive Circuit

As you can see, the current through the coil is 90° out of phase - and delayed. Why? The periodically alternating current flow...

Ultrasonic Sensors

An ultrasonic sensor is a device that measures distance or detects objects by sending out ultrasonic sound waves and measuring the time it takes...

Pressure Sensor

Pressure Sensors measure the force exerted by a fluid (liquid or gas) and convert it into an electrical signal. Common types: Strain Gauge Sensors – detect...

Temperature Sensor

Temperature Sensors measure heat or cold and convert it into an electrical signal. Common types include: Thermocouples – generate voltage based on temperature difference. RTDs (Resistance...

Photoelectric Sensors

Photoelectric Sensors can be used to detect objects or the orientation of an object on a production line, and they can be used to...

PIR Sensor Devices

A PIR (Passive Infrared) sensor detects human presence by sensing infrared (IR) radiation emitted by the body. When a person moves within its range,...

Inductive Sensors

Inductive Sensors Used to detect metal objects without contact. Work by generating an electromagnetic field → when a metal object enters, it changes the...

Resistor in Series & Parallel

Resistors in Series The same current flows through each resistor one after another. Total resistance is the sum: R_total = R1 + R2 + R3 +...

Ohms Law

Ohm’s law states that the voltage across a conductor is directly proportional to the current flowing through it, provided all physical conditions and temperatures...

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